Influence Ops
2 February 01, 2026

Analysing Multidisciplinary Approaches to Fight Large-Scale Digital Influence Operations

Evidence Level
2/5

How much verified proof exists for this claim

One strong evidence source: arxiv

Mystery Factor
3/5

How intriguing or unexplained this claim is

The claim involves active investigation into complex digital influence operations, with multiple competing theories and notable unknowns about the methods and infrastructures used by threat actors, making it moderately mysterious.

Crime as a Service (CaaS) has evolved from isolated criminal incidents to a broad spectrum of illicit activities, including social media manipulation, foreign information manipulation and interference (FIMI), and the sale of disinformation toolkits. This article analyses how threat actors exploit specialised infrastructures ranging from proxy and VPN services to AI-driven generative models to orchestrate large-scale opinion manipulation. Moreover, it discusses how these malicious operations m...

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